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The Power of Moral Concerns in Predicting Whistleblowing Decisions

   Whistleblowers are those who disclose unethical activity inside their

 

own organization to a higher authority and play an important role in

 

exposing injustice and wrongdoing. They risk great personal costs to

 

expose injustice. Whistleblowing is on the rise, but retaliation is on the

 

rise as well. Many whistleblowers face harassment and emotional

 

suffering, are forced to resign, or are fired if they do not report

 

anonymously. While whistleblowers' activities are frequently lauded as

 

morally heroic, there is conflicting evidence that they are primarily

 

motivated by moral considerations. Furthermore, nothing is known

 

regarding the extent to which moral considerations, as opposed to

 

other organizational and situational variables, influence

 

whistleblowing. To close these gaps, this article provides two studies

 

that show the importance of moral considerations in predicting

 

whistleblower behavior.

   Study 1 examines how moral considerations, in comparison to other

 

criteria, influence real-world whistleblowing decisions using a large

 

cross-sectional dataset of federal employees. Study 2 replicates the

 

link between moral considerations and whistleblowing decisions in an

 

online sample of the US workforce in a more controlled manner. Moral

 

considerations consistently predicted whistleblowing actions over and

 

above other organizational and situational characteristics, according to

 

the findings.

   In particular, whistleblower decisions were linked to a moral tradeoff:

 

concerns for the fair treatment of individuals outside one's

 

organization were linked to reporting unethical behavior, while loyalty

 

to one's organization was linked to not reporting unethical behavior.

 

   Organizational characteristics, such as whether or not the company

 

teaches its workers how to report misconduct, had a lesser

 

relationship with whistleblowing choices in all of the studies.

   However, these were the only significant predictors of how

 

individuals reported unethical behavior, i.e., whether they reported it

 

through internal or external channels. These findings, taken together,

 

demonstrate major psychological factors driving whistleblowing,

 

highlighting the importance of moral considerations in these actions

 

and supporting conceptualizations of whistleblowing as a key example

 

of moral courage.

 

 

 

Dungan, James A., et al. “The Power of Moral Concerns in Predicting Whistleblowing Decisions.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Academic Press, 24 July 2019, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022103118306619.

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